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Performance grades are based on RateYourGov's independent, data-driven scoring model.
Demographic and equity-related metrics are sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS).
Legislative bill data, bill summaries, and vote information are partially sourced from the Congress.gov API, provided by the Library of Congress. Accessed 2025.
Volden, Craig, and Alan E. Wiseman. 2014. Legislative Effectiveness in the United States Congress: The Lawmakers. New York: Cambridge University Press; updated at www.thelawmakers.org.
Volden, Craig, and Alan E. Wiseman. 2018. “Legislative Effectiveness in the United States Senate,” Journal of Politics 80(2): 731–735; updated at www.thelawmakers.org.
Lewis, Jeffrey B., Keith Poole, Howard Rosenthal, Adam Boche, Aaron Rudkin, and Luke Sonnet (2021). Voteview: Congressional Roll-Call Votes Database. https://voteview.com.
Additional data sources include the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) from the St. Louis Federal Reserve, and the National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO).
Congressional ideology and bipartisanship scores sourced from GovTrack.us. Accessed 2025.